MAHARASHTRA UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES, NASHIK
Educational
Reforms & Its Impact -
HEALTH SCIENCE EDUCATION
- Paper Presented By -
Dr.
Dayanand Dongaonkar
Vice-Chancellor
MAHARASHTRA UNIVERSITY OF
HEALTH SCIENCES, NASHIK
Educational
Reforms & Its Impact -
HEALTH SCIENCE
EDUCATION
Dr. Dayanand Dongaonkar,
M.S.
Orth., F.C.P.S., D.Orth
Vice-Chancellor,
Maharashtra
University of Health
Sciences,
Gangapur Raod,
Nashik 400
013.
India is a vast subcontinent with the population of more than 100 crores
with varied socio-economic back ground.
As far as health facilities are concerned, because of variations in Socio-economic factors, there
are variations in health care facilities in the country. Even though we have large number of doctors
from different faculties of medicine, there is serious mal-distribution of
these doctors. There is clear urban and rural division. There is concentration of doctors in urban areas, whereas there is
serious paucity of doctors in rural areas.
Even though in urban areas, there are good number of doctors, standard
varies from place to place and individual to individual, Socio-economic factors
affect the quality of health care, equally important is the quality of health
sciences education.
Slide –1
Historical Background
India has rich traditions of Ayurved since 5,000 years. It has rich
information of promotive and preventive health care. But over the years, it has lost continuity of its research, quality
upgradation and did not keep pace with development of modern science. Modern medicine was introduced in India by
Britishers; the first educational institutes were established in 1st
half of 19th century.
1826 - Medical College, Calcutta
1835 - Medical College, Madras
1843 - Grant Medical college, Mumbai
Even though the modern medicine education was started in India,
there were no organised health care education facilities all over the
country. It took long time for
spreading of this education system.
After independence, there was gradual expansion of this system but
during last 20 years it has mushroomed haphazardly.
As far as modern medicine is concerned, health sciences education is
planned by the Medical Council of India, which was established in 1934. It regulates colleges and its standards
through the Universities in the state but has no definite control on number of
institutions. In addition to modern
Medicine colleges, we have other institutions of health sciences like Ayurved, Homoeopathy,
Dentistry, Unani etc. Across the country, there is variable standard of
education and infrastructure. Even
though, we are all governed by the same Council, the quality of doctors
produced is in a variable spectrum of standards.
Slide - 2
In post independent India, there is
always cry about deteriorating standards of health care education in the
country. The major factors responsible
for are considered to be :-
(a)
Lack of administrative authority.
(b)
Lack of financial authority.
(c)
Lack of policy making authority to the professionals.
Slide – 3
To improve this situation many attempts have been made. The Govt. of
India in 1943, appointed the Health Survey & Development Committee with Sir Joseph Bhore as chairman to survey
the then existing position regarding the health conditions and health
organisation in the country. The
committee, put forward for the first time, comprehensive proposals for the
development of National Programme of health services for the country.
There was no policy consideration on health sciences education by this
committee.
It is observed that since
Independence the Standard of Health Education is going down. As such, on the
lines of University Grants Commission, separate commission for health sciences
education was recommended in 1975 by Shrivastav Committee. In 1983, Ministry of
Public Health & Family Welfare appointed Medical Education Review
Committee. The said Committee strongly recommended establishment of Health
Sciences Universities at State level.
In 1987 "Health Manpower Planning, Production and Management
Committee" was appointed under the Chairmanship of Dr. J. S. Bajaj. This
expert committee also recommended
establishment of Universities for Health Sciences and reiterated that a
separate Commission need to be appointed for Medical & Health Education on
the lines of University Grants Commission and the said commission should lay
emphasis on Quality Education in various faculties of Medicine. Later on,
Ministry of Public Health & Family Welfare appointed a committee under the
Chairmanship of Prof. Rais Ahmed to
study the establishment of Health Sciences Universities. The said committee stressed the need of such Universities and opined that such Universities
should have faculties of Medicine, Dentistry, Ayurved & Unani, Homoeopathy,
Allied Health Science including
Pharmacy.
Central Govt. under the Ministry of
Public Health & Family Welfare accepted the idea of having separate
Commission on Health Science Education and creation of independent Health Science
Universities in July 1993. Govt. of India appointed Prof. Mukherjee committee
in 1995 to review the outcome of health sciences universities of Andhra Pradesh
and Tamil Nadu. Dr. Mukharjee clearly
opined that health sciences universities have contributed to upgrade quality of
education and also suggested the need to enhance education in Allied Health
Sciences. The committee further opined
that the Health Sciences University should be able to devise, syllabi, curricula
and bridge courses to fulfill their needs.
All public Health Training Institutions should be affiliated to the
Health Sciences Universities. Health
Sciences University should also be responsible to direct, supervise & guide
training for Health Services Personnel & ensure quality & effectiveness
of training.
Slide – 4
Health Sciences
Universities were established as follows :-
1) NTR University of Health Sciences,
Vijaywada, AP - 1986
2) MGR Health Sciences University,
Chennai, Tamil Nadu - 1987
3) Rajiv Gandhi University of Health
Sciences, Banglore, Karnataka - 1994
4) Maharashtra University of Health
Sciences, Nashik - 1998
5) Baba Farid University of Health Sciences,
Faridkot, Punjab - 1998
Slide - 5
National scenario of health sciences education
Faculty
wise colleges in the country with admission capacity & with numbers of Registered Drs.
|
|
Medical |
Dental |
Ayurved |
Homoeopathy |
Unani |
Total |
|
No. of coll |
182 |
134 |
198 |
166 |
37 |
717 |
|
Intake capa |
19190 |
8110 |
7000 |
7450 |
-- |
41,750 |
|
Regd. Drs |
5,49,867 |
35,000 |
4,27,504 |
1,94,147 |
16,599 |
12,23,117 |
Slide - 6
STATEWISE NUMBER OF MEDICAL COLLEGES IN THE COUNTRY
|
Name of the State/Union Territories |
No. of
Medical Colleges |
Number of Admissions |
No. of
Registered Drs. |
|
Andhra Pradesh |
16 |
1781 |
43102 |
|
Assam |
03 |
0391 |
14135 |
|
Bihar |
11 |
0700 |
32226 |
|
Chandigharh |
01 |
0050 |
|
|
Delhi |
04 |
0460 |
31694 |
|
Goa |
01 |
0070 |
01916 |
|
Gujarat |
10 |
1145 |
32177 |
|
Haryana |
01 |
0150 |
01065 |
|
Himachal Prdesh |
02 |
0115 |
|
|
Jammu & Kashmir |
04 |
0380 |
06344 |
|
Karnataka |
24 |
3005 |
57307 |
|
Kerala |
07 |
0900 |
26757 |
|
Madhya Pradesh |
07 |
0820 |
18181 |
|
Maharashtra |
35 |
3540 |
66477 |
|
Manipur |
01 |
0100 |
|
|
Orissa |
03 |
0321 |
14009 |
|
Pondicherry |
03 |
0175 |
|
|
Punjab |
06 |
0520 |
31209 |
|
Rajasthan |
06 |
0600 |
20230 |
|
Tamilnadu |
17 |
1850 |
63434 |
|
Uttar Pradesh |
13 |
1212 |
40672 |
|
West Bengal |
07 |
0805 |
48932 |
|
Total |
182 |
19,190 |
5,49,867 |
Slide – 7
Maharashtra
State scenario of health sciences
education
Facultywise colleges in the state of Maharashtra with admission capacity & with numbers of
Registered Drs.
|
|
Medical |
Dental |
Ayurved |
Homoeopathy |
Unani |
Allied
H.Sc. |
Total |
|
No. of coll. |
34 +1 |
16 |
50 |
39 |
6 |
29 |
174 +1 |
|
Intake
capa |
3255 |
1100 |
2470 |
2860 |
300 |
690 |
10675 |
|
Regi. Drs |
69,351 |
8,383 |
38,024 |
32,645 |
-- |
-- |
1,48,403 |
Slide – 8
Doctor Population Ratio
|
|
Medical |
Dental |
Ayurved |
Homoeopathy |
Multidisc. (M/Aur/H) |
SRIVASTAV COM.(1975) 1M,1F=5,000 1 : 2500
DGHS (1993) 1 : 3500 |
|
National |
1819 |
28571 |
2339 |
5151 |
854 |
|
|
Maharashtra
|