MAHARASHTRA UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES, NASHIK

 

Examinations Leading to the Degree of  Bachelor of  Science (Hearing, Language & Speech)

                                                     [ B. Sc. (HLS)]

 

[Applicable to the batches admitted to the First Year of the B. Sc. (HLS) Course from the

academic year  2001-02 onwards until further orders.]

(Syllabi and Scheme of examinations)

 

(Note: Nomenclature and the curricula are currently under revision by the RCI .)

 

Appendix A (Scheme of Curriculum)

 

SCHEME OF CURRICULUM FOR FIRST YEAR B. Sc. (HLS)

Applicable to the Batches admitted from the year 2001-2002. 

________________________________________________________________________________

________

 

 

 

 

 

 

Credits

        Scheme of the Examination

 

 

 

 

 

 

(Clock

 Duration

                    Marks      

 

Sr.

 Subject

                       Subjects

 Hours)

of the

Univ.

Internal

 

 

No.

Code

 

 

 

(Minimum

Paper

Exam.

Assess-

Total

 

 

 

 

 

 

required)

 

 

ment

 

 

________

_______________________________________________________________________

________

 

 

1

B 1.1.1

Introduction to Speech and

50

3

80

20

100

 

 

 

Language Pathology

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2

B 1.2.1

Introduction to Audiology

50

3

80

20

100

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3

B 1.3.1

Basic Anatomy and  Physiology

50

3

80

20

100

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4

B 1.3.2

Pathology

 

 

25

2

40

10

  50

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5

B 1.4.1

Introduction to Psychology &

50

3

80

20

100

 

 

 

Psychology of Learning

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

6

B 1.4.2

Linguistics & Phonetics

50

3

80

20

100

 

 

7

 

B 1.5.1

 

Basic Acoustics &  Electronics

 

    50

 

     3

 

    80

 

    20

 

   100

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

8

B 1.C1.1

Clinical Work (Speech Pathology) (Practical & Oral)

50

3

100

 

100

 

 

 

Internal Assessment (Practical & Oral)

 

 

 

 

50

 50

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

9

B 1.C2.1

Clinical Work (Audiology) (Practical & Oral)

50

3

100

 

100

 

 

 

Internal Assessment (Practical & Oral)

 

 

 

 

50

  50

 

 

 

 

 

 

   ______

 

   ______

   ______

   ______

 

 

 

 

 

 

425

 

720

230

950

 

________________________________________________________________________________

________

 

 

 

 

MAHARASHTRA UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES, NASHIK

Appendix B

 

Syllabus for 1st year B.Sc. (HLS).

(Applicable to the Batches admitted from the year 2001-2002.) 

 

The following are the syllabi in the various subjects of the course:

1. Paper I - B 1.1.1: Introduction to Speech and Language Pathology

 

      I 1. Definitions of and components of communication, speech and language - Distinctions

            and similarities. Characteristics of language. Human and animal communication: A

contrast.

        2.  Basic models, levels, modes and functions of human language communication.

        3.  Speech as an overlaid function. Speech chain.

        4.  Process of speech production.

 

    II 1. Anatomy and physiology of respiratory system.  Volumes in respiration. Respiration

for life and  speech.

        2. Anatomy and physiology of laryngeal system.  Bases of pitch and loudness change

mechanisms.

        3. Anatomy and physiology of articulatory mechanism.

        4. Anatomy of the nervous system related to speech and language.

 

  III      Social, psychological and linguistic aspects of speech and language skills.

    

  IV      Normal development of articulation, voice, prosody and language. Speech and language

skills of infants, toddlers, pre-schoolers, school-going children and above group.

 

   V      Speech perception in infants and adults (with special reference to categorical perception). 

 

 VI       Principles of Appraisal, Examination and Measurement

 

Informal assessment of: Communication; Prerequisites for language; Child-directed

speech; Oral peripheral mechanism;  Articulation; Voice; Prosody; Fluency; Other

 language modalities such as reading or writing.

 

Informal assessment of speech-language and communication skills in different age

groups, such as infants, toddlers, pre-schoolers, 5 to 12 year age group and above 12

years age group.  

 

            Basic concepts of clinical measurement (scales, reliability,          validity, accuracy and

precision) and interpretation (norm,  criterion and client referenced).

 

 VII     General principles and planning for intervention: Long-term goals, short-term goals,

reinforcement, contingencies of reinforcement.

 

Suggested Readings

 

 1.  Boone, D.R. and Plante, E. (1993) Human Communication & Its Disorders.  New Jersey:

      Prentice-Hall.

2.  Lane, V.W. and Molyneaux, D. (1992) The       Dynamics of Communicative Development, ed. 3.

      Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins.

 

 

 3.  Mclaughlin, S.(1998) Introduction to Language   

      Development. Singular Publishing Group,Inc.

 4.  Shames, G.H., Wiig, E.H. and Secord, W.A.(1994) Human Communication Disorders - An

      Introduction. Maxwell Macmillan International.

 5.  Owens, R.E., Jr.(1988) Language Development: An Introduction, ed. 2. Columbus, Ohio:

      Merril Publishing Co.

 

2. Paper II - B 1.2.1: Introduction to Audiology

 

A         Audiology: Definition. A brief history.  Branches and scope.

 

B 1.      Physical basis of hearing. Review of acoustics relevant to audiology. Decibel concept.

Fundamentals of psychoacoustics.  Psychoacoustic levels of hearing: Sensitivity,

Discrimination, Recognition and Understanding. Scales of measurement. Concepts

of reliability and validity.                                               

   2.      Basic measure of sensitivity: Absolute threshold of hearing. Psychophysical methods of

            determining  absolute thresholds - Classical and modern.    MAF and  MAP.  Physical,

            biological, methodological and psychological variables affecting absolute thresholds.

 

   3.      A brief introduction to other dimensions of hearing: Weber's law and DL. Pitch.

Loudness. Masking. Quality. Binaural hearing and localisation.

 

C         Biological basis of hearing: Anatomy and physiology of the auditory system. Role of

External ear (EE). Role of  Middle ear (ME): Impedance-matching transformer action;

ET function; Role of ME muscles. Role of Inner ear (IE): Transduction - CM and  SP;

Theories of pitch perception - Tonotopic organisation; Role in loudness perception. Role

of auditory nerve  - afferent and efferent pathways. AP. Tuning curves. Encoding of

loudness. Central hearing mechanism - Role in brief of cortical and subcortical structures.

A brief introduction to BC hearing mechanism and types of hearing loss/disorders

(conductive, sensorineural, mixed, central and functional).

 

D 1.     Clinical Audiology: Aim and scope. Concepts of screening and definitive/diagnostic tests.

            Concepts of reliability and validity, accuracy and precision. Diagnostic assessment of

            degree and type of hearing impairment. Non-medical rehabilitation.

 

    2.     Tuning Fork (TF) Tests: Rinne, Weber, Bing, Gelle and Schwabach tests.  Their

reliability and    validity.

 

    3.     Electronic pure-tone audiometry - Functional block diagram, components and their

functions. Audiometric zero: Concepts of normal hearing sensitivity and  normal

thresholds of hearing,.  ASA, ISO, ANSI and ISI standards. HL and SL.  Biological

calibration of audiometers.

 

    4.     Air Conduction audiometry.  Clinical measurement of AC thresholds. Factors

affecting  threshold.

 

    5.     Bone Conduction audiometry - Rationale. Special problems in the measurement of BC.

Role of external and middle ears in BC hearing. Errors in BC audiometry.

 

    6.     Basic interpretation of audiograms: Qualitative (Type) and Quantitative (Degree).

 

    7.     Basics of clinical masking: Need (Why?) and criteria (When?) for masking during AC

            BC threshold testing.  Concepts of cross over, inter-aural attenuation (IA) and cross

hearing and shadow curve.

 

    8.     Basics of speech audiometry.  Need for and principles of. Speech Awareness/Detection

            Thresholds (SAT/SDT), Speech Recognition Threshold (SRT) and Speech/Word

Recognition Score (SRS/WRS) - Common materials, procedures and uses.

 

    9.     Factors affecting the reliability and validity of a pure-tone audiogram: Tester, Equipment,

Environment and Subject related variables. Precautions and care in audiometry.

     

  10.     Relative merits and demerits of TF tests, pure-tone and speech audiometry.

 

  11.     Causes of hearing loss: Terminology and classification.  Hereditary, acquired, congenital

and adventitious.  Prenatal, natal and post-natal causes of conductive, sensorineural ,

central and functional hearing losses in children and adults and the importance of their

knowledge.  Role of pure-tone audiometry in diagnosis and  rehabilitation.

 

Suggested Readings

 

 1. Bess, F.H. and Humes, L.E. (1990) Audiology: The Fundamentals, ed. 2.  Baltimore:

     Williams and Wilkins.

 2. Cowan, D. (1986) Coping with Ear Problems. New Delhi: Family Books Pvt. Ltd. (Original

     edition published by W.R. Chambers Ltd., Edinburgh).

 3. Davis, H. and Silverman, S.R. (Eds.) (1978) Hearing and Deaf­ness, ed. 4.  New York: Holt,

     Rinehart, and Winston                                             

 4. Durrant, J.D. and Lovrinik, J.H. (1995) Bases of Hearing  Science, ed. 3. Baltimore: Williams

     & Wilkins.

 5. Glorig, A. (Ed.) (1965) Audiometry: Principles and Practices.  Baltimore: Williams and

     Wilkins. 

 6. Hay, J. (1997) Hearing Loss. Thornsons. (!999) Indian edition published by HarperCollins

     publishers India, New Delhi).

 7. Kaplan, H., Gladstone, V.S. and Lloyd, L.L. (1993) Audiometric Interpretation: A Manual of

     Basic Audiometry, ed. 2. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.n

 8. Martin, F.N.  (1991)  Introduction to Audiology, ed. 4.  Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall.

 9. Newby, H.A. and Popelka, G.A. (1985) Audiology, ed. 5. Englewood  Cliffs, New Jersey:

     Prentice-Hall.

10. Stach, B.A. (1998) Clinical Audiology: An Introduction. San Diego, California: Singular

      Publishing Group, Inc.

11. Yost, W.A. (1994) Fundamentals of Hearing: An Introduction, ed. 3.  NY: Academic Press.       

 

3. Paper  III  B 1.3.1: Basic Anatomy and Physiology

                    (Special emphasis on Respiratory and Nervous Systems and Myology)

 

Part A:  Anatomy

 

                 1.  General Introduction

     2.  Osteology

                 3.  Anthrology

                 4.  Myology

                 5.  Circulatory system

                 6.  Nervous System

                 7.  Respiratory System

                 8.  Auditory System

9.      Anatomy of Voice and Speech Mechanisms

 

 

 

 

 

List of Practicals (By demonstration only) (10 hrs.)                                                                                                                              

 

1. Skull, mandible, cervical vertebrae, one foetal skull

2. Dissected soft parts:  a. Neck, triangles of the neck 

 b. Larynx and pharynx with tongue  

 c. Sagittal section of head and neck

3. Embryology models.  Development of face

4. Other systems

 

Part B:  Physiology

 

                 1.  Muscular System

                 2.  Circulatory System

                 3.  Respiratory system

                 4.  Nervous System

                 5.  Endocrine System

                 6.  Auditory System

     7.  Vestibular System

                 8.  Voice and Speech Mechanism 

                 9.  Reproductive System

 

Practicals (By Demonstration only):

 

 1. Estimation of haemoglobin.

 2. Determination of blood groups.

 3. RBC count.

 4. WBC count - total and differential.

 5. Determination of pulse and B.P.

 6. Stethograph, spirometry and artificial respiration.

 7. Examination of the CVS and RS.

 8. Examination of the sensory system, higher functions, and reflexes                                       

 

Suggested Readings

 

Anatomy

 1. Datta, A.K. (1944) Essentials of Human Anatomy (Head and Neck), ed. 2. Current Books

     International.

 2. Kahane, J.C. and Polkins, J.F. (1984) Atlas of Speech and Hearing  Anatomy. Ohio: Charles

     E. Merril.

 3. Palmer, J.M. (1984) Anatomy for Speech and Hearing, ed. 3. New York:  Harper and Row.

 4. Romanes, G.G. Cunningham's Manual of Practical Anatomy, Vol. III:  Head and Neck and

     Brain. Oxford University Press.

 

Physiology

 1. Chatterjee  Textbook of Physiology

 2. Chaudhari, S.K. (1993) Concise Medical Physiology, ed. 2. Calcutta:  New Central Book

      Agency (P) Ltd.

 3. Daniloff, R. and Schuckers, G. (1980) The Physiology of Speech and   Hearing - An

      Introduction. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.

 

Common Books

 1. Batemon and Mason (1984) Applied Anatomy and Physiology of the Speech   and Hearing

     Mechanisms.

 2. Perkins, W.H. and Kent, R.R.D. (1986) Textbook of Functional Anatomy  of Speech,

     Language and Hearing. London: Taylor and Francies.

 3. .Schneiderman, C.R. (1984) Basic Anatomy and Physiology in Speech and  Hearing.

 4. Zemlin, W.R. (1981) Speech and Hearing Science: Anatomy and Physiology, ed. 2.

     Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.

 

4. Paper  IV  B 1.3.2:   Pathology

 

 1. Introduction - Definition and Scope. Concept of health and disease.

 2. Cell and its environment.  Cell injury - reversible and irreversible.

 3. Types of degeneration

 4. Inflammation: acute, subacute and chronic.

 5. Repair: Wound healing and healing of fracture of bone.

 6. Circulatory Disorders: Thrombosis, embolism, haemorrhage, ischaemia and infarction.

 7. Neoplasia

 8. ENT pathologies: Otitis media, otosclerosis, ear, nasal and larylngeal polyps, tumours  of the

     ear, nose and throat.

 9. Basics of microbiology

     a) Immunity, allergy and types of immunological reactions

     b) HIV and opportunistic infections. Nosocomial infections.

 

Suggested Readings

 

 1.  Harsh Mohan (1994) Textbook of Pathology, ed. 2. Jaypee Brothers.

 2.  Kumar, Cotran and Robbins (1992) Basic Pathology, ed. 5. W.B. Saunders. Indian edition by

      Prism Books Pvt. Ltd.

 

5. Paper V - B 1.4.1: Introduction to Psychology  and  Psychology of Learning

 

  1.       Psychology - What is Psychology? Historical development/Nature and scope/Schools of

psychology/Branches of  psychology/Methods of investigating psychological phenomena.

  2.       Relevance of psychology to Audiology and Speech and Language  Pathology and

Rehabilitation.

  3.       Biological bases of behaviour - Heredity/Nervous system/Endocrine glands

  4.       Motivation and understanding motivation/Types of motives/ Theories of motivation

  5.       Emotions - Understanding emotions/The biology of emotions/Theories of emotions.

  6.       Conflicts, stress and coping - Types of conflicts/Sources of  stress/Consequences of

stress/Coping strategies and defence mechanisms.

  7.       Personality - Definitions/Nature/Theories/Personality determinants/Assessing personality/

Adjustment and Maladjustment -  Hallmarks of Adjustments/Identifying and classifying 

maladjustment.                                                                                                             

  8.       Sensation/Attention & Perception - Sensory organs (structure  and functions in brief)/

Sensory processing/Thresholds/ Adaptations (with special reference to vision and

hearing)/ Definition of attention & perception/Principles of  perceptual organisation/

Theories of attention/Factors affecting attention & perception.

  9.       Learning - Definitions/Conditioning - Classical and Operant/Cognitive learning/

 Observational Learning/Application of  learning theories - modifying behaviour

 10.      Memory and forgetting - Definitions/A three stage memory  model/The biology of

            memory/Theories of forgetting/Improving  memory.

 11.      Thinking - Basic units of thinking/Problem solving/Creative thinking.

 12.      Intelligence - Intelligence defined/Variations in intelligence/Theories of

            intelligence/Measuring intelligence/Aptitudes/Interest/Achievement.

 

Desirable: Posting in Psychology Dept., if any.

 

 

 

Suggested Readings

 

1. Fernald and Fernald. Introduction to Psychology, ed. 4. Houghton Miffin.

2. Hilgard, E.R., Atkinson, R.C. and Atkinson, R.L. Introduction to Psychology, ed. 6. Harcourt

Brace Jovanovich.

3. Kagan & Segal     Psychology - An Introduction, ed. 7. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. 

4. Lefton, L.A. (1991) Psychology, ed. 4. Boston:  Allyn & Bacon.

5. Morgan, C.T., King, R.A. and Robinson, N.M. (1979)  Introduction to Psychology, ed. 6.

NY: McGraw-Hill. (Indian  reprint edition by Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi, 1979).

.  

5. Paper V - B 1.4.2: Linguistics and Phonetics

 

Part A: Phonetics and Phonology

 

 1. Phonetics: Definition and branches  . Brief sketch of articulatory, acoustic and auditory

     phonetics.

 2. Formation of speech sounds. Speech mechanisms: Air stream, phonatory and articulatory/

     resonatory mechanisms.

 3. Classification of speech sounds: Segmentals vs suprasegmentals 

      a) Classification of segmentals: Vowels vs consonants

           Description and classification of vowels - Concept of cardinal vowels.

           Classification of consonants: Place and manner of articula­tion, voiceless and voiced

consonants.

      b) Suprasegmentals: Stress, pitch. tone and intonation.

 4. Semivowels (Glides) and dipthongs: Formation and classification.

 5. Sounds formed using non-pulmonic air stream: Ejectives, implosives and clicks.

 6. I.P.A. and transcription exercises.

 7. Acoustic aspects of speech: Harmonics, formants and aperiodic energy.  General acoustic

     characteristics of vowels, diphthongs and consonants:  Sound spectrograph

 8. Phonology: Definitions of phoneme and allophones. Phonemic analysis with reference to

     Indian languages.

 

Part B: Linguistics

 1. Introduction to Linguistics.  Linguistic  analysis. Subsystems of language.  Language and its

     characteristics.

 2. Morphology: Concepts of morph, morpheme and allomorph. Their relationship. Morphemic

     analysis. Morpheme types. Inflectional and  derivational morphemes. Word and word formation.

 3. Syntax: Syntax as a major level of language. Syntactic  analysis: I.C. analysis, Phrase

     structure grammar, Transformational generative grammar.  Functions of grammar.

 4. Semantics:  Semantics as a component of grammar.  Word meaning,  synonyms, homonyms

     and antonyms. Phrase and sentence meaning. Semantic ambiguity.

 5. Psycholinguistics: Introduction to psycholinguistics.  Competence-performance distinction.

     Language acquisition in children.  Major theories: Innateness theory, Behaviorist theory and

     Interaction theory including cognitive theory.  Stages of language acquisition.  Biological

     basis of language and critical period.

6. Application of linguistics and psycholinguistics in the field of speech pathology with special    

    reference to testing including test construction and therapy planning.              

 

Practicals (Not for examination)

 1. I.P.A. symbols. Transcription of segmental sounds in isolation  and connected speech. 

     Transcription of deviant speech.

 2. Basic morphological and phonological analyses. Identification of phonemes, morphemes and

     their distribution.

 

 

Text Books

 

 1. Brosnahan, L.F. and Malmberg, B. (1970) Introduction to Phonetics.  Cambridge: Univ.

     Press.

 2. Fromkin, V. & Rodman, R. (1993) An Introduction to Language,  ed. 5. New York: Harcourt

     Brace Jovanovich

 3. O'Connor (1993) Phonetics. Hanmondsworth: Penguin Books.

 4. Verma, S.K. and Krishnaswamy, N. (1989) Modern Linguistics. New Delhi: Oxford Univ. Press.

 5. Yule, G (1996) The Study of Language: An Introduction, ed. 2.   Cambridge Univ. Press.

(Low price edition, 1997)

 

 

 

Suggested Readings

 

 

1. Akmajian A. et al.(1990) Linguistics: An Introduction to Language  and Communication, ed.3

    MIT Press

2. Catford, J.C.(1982) Fundamental Problems in Phonetics. Edinburg  Univ. Press.

3. Clark, J. & Yallop, C.(1995) An Introduction to Phonetics &  Phonology, ed, 2.  Basil: Blackwell.

4. Fry, D.B. (1979) The Physics of Speech. Cambridge University    Press.

5. Gleason, J.B. (1985) The Development of Language. Merril Pub.Co.

6. Ladefoged P. (1992) A Course in Phonetics, ed. 3. New York:  Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.

7. Owens, R.E., Jr. (1994) Language Development: An Introduction, ed. 3. Merril Publ Co.

 

7. Paper VII - B 1.5.1: Basic Acoustics and  Electronics

(The subject should be treated with emphasis on qualitative aspects and keeping the mathematical aspects to a    minimum).

 

Section I: Acoustics 

 

 1. What is sound? Physical and Psychological definitions. Acoustics.  Definition & branches.

 2. Production of sound. Fundamentals of vibrations. S.H.M. Definition.  Free undamped and

     damped SHMs. Characteristics.  Composition of  SHMs.  Beats.

 3. Forced and resonant vibrations: undamped and damped. Mechanical and electrical analogues.

     Resonant frequency. Narrow and  broad tuning. Requirements of oscillators  and transducers.

 4. Concept of wave motion. Longitudinal & transverse waves. Propagation of sound waves:

     condensation and rarefaction.

 5. Characteristics of plane progressive S.H. waves and pure tones. Amplitude, frequency,

     velocity, wavelength and phase. Definitions, relationships and units.  Magnitude/strength -

     Measures of.  Power,  intensity, pressure, work and energy: Definitions, units and rela­tion-

     ships.  Spherical waves: Inverse Square Law.

 6. Logarithmic scale of representation of frequency and intensity  of sound waves - Need for.

     Octave scale.  Characteristics.  Concept of decibel: dB, dB IL, dB SPL, etc.  Addition of

     decibels when frequencies are same and different.

 7. Vibration of strings and air columns. Stationary waves. Analytical treatment of formation of

     stationary waves: nodes and  antinodes.

 8. Complex sounds. Musical sounds and noise.  Characteristics of periodic complex sounds.

     Fourier analysis. Fundamental frequency and pitch, overtones, harmonics & partials.

     Spectrum & quality/timbre.

 9. Noise - Definition. Characteristics of aperiodic waves. White and narrow band noise.

     Transients. Measurement and analysis of noise.  Spectrum level. Filters.

10. Transmission, reflection, absorption and diffraction. Interference and stationary waves.

      Concepts of acoustic and specific acoustic impedances. Impedance Matching.  Concepts of

      FF, SF, reverberant and diffuse fields. Sound shadow.

11. Ambient noise levels in audiometric rooms. Maximum allowable noise levels in audiometric

      rooms. Acoustics of buildings. Reverberation and reverberation time. Sound absorption and 

      sound insulation.  Building sound treated rooms for  audiometry. Con­struction of sound-

      treated  rooms.  Anechoic chambers. Pre-fabricated booths.                                                

 

 

Suggested Readings:

 

 1. Bangui, P.S., et al. (1999) A New Course in Physics (for S.Y. B.Sc.), ed. 12. Mumbai: Sheth

     Publishsers. (For chapters 2-5 and part of chapter 8).

 2. Effron, A.(1968) Sound. Bombay: Vakils, Feffer and Simons Pvt.Ltd.  (Original 1957 edition

     by John F.Rider Publishers,Inc.)

 3. Khanna, D.R. & Bedi, R.S.(1980) A Textbook of Sound, 12th Ed. Delhi:  Atmaram & Sons.

 4. Mistry, N.M. (2000) Concepts of Physics (for Std. XII), ed. 4. Mumbai: Uttam Prakashan.

     (For chapters  2-5 and 7)

 5. Parker, S.P.(1987) Acoustic Source Book. M.Graw Hill

 6. Speaks, C.E.(1996) Introduction to Sound: Acoustics for the Hearing  and Speech Sciences,

     ed. 2. San Diego, Calif.: Singular Publishing  Group.

 7. Tonndorf, J. (1965) Introduction to Acoustics. Chap. 2 in Glorig, A. (Ed.)  Audiometry:

      Principles & Practices. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins.                  

 

Section II: Basic Electronics

 

 1. Basics of electricity. AC and DC

 2. Passive circuit elements: R, L and C. Series and parallel  combinations. Application of AC

    across R, L, and C in isolation or combinations. Resonance. Sharpness of resonance.  Sharply

    and  broadly tuned circuits & damping. Electrical impedance. Electri­cal filters.

3. Measuring instruments: Galvanometer, ammeter, voltmeter and multimeter. Oscilloscope.

4. Introduction to electronics. Study of components such as junction diodes, zener diodes,

     transistors, LCDs, LEDs and ICs:  Principles of working, uses/applications, advantages and

     limita­tions.

 5. Power supplies. Cells and batteries. Types and characteristics.  AC power supply.

     Rectification,  filtering and stabilisation.  Specifications for a power supply unit. AC, DC and

     Transmains:  Power, RMS voltage and frequency.

 6. Amplifier Classification. Pre-, voltage and power amplifiers with reference to audio

     frequency  amplifiers only. Negative feedback in amplifiers. Volume and tone controls.

 7. Oscillators. Condition for oscillation. Types. Principle and working of different types of

     oscillators & multivibrators.

 8. Filters: Types, characteristics and designing of filters.

 9. Fidelity and Distortion. Types (i) Amplitude: Harmonic and IM  (ii) Frequency (iii) Phase

     (iv) Transient (v) Noise

10. Electroacoustics. Electroacoustic transducers. Microphones,  earphones and loudspeakers.

      BC vibrators: Principle, construc­tion and working.  Monophonic and stereophonic recording

      and reproduction of sound.  Tape recorders.

11. Applied electronics. Functional block diagram and working of hearing aids and audiometers.

      Instrumental calibration of pure-tone audiometers. 

 

Practicals (Mostly by Demonstration - Not for examination)

 

 1. Study of different repairing tools and instruments (Multimeters, Oscilloscope, Soldering

     Irons,  etc

 2. Study of passive and active circuit elements like resistors,  inductors , capacitors,

     transformers,  transistors and ICs.

 3. Testing of resistors, condensers, diodes, transistors and  transformers using a multimeter.  

 4. Checking of power supply and fuses.

 5. Testing of cords and receivers.

 6. Common faults in hearing aids and other instruments.

 

Suggested Readings:

 

 1. Cooper ,W.D. and Helfrick, A.D. (1985) Electronic Instrumentation &  Measurement

     Techniques, 3rd ed. Eastern Economy Edition. New  Delhi: Prentice-Hall.

 2. Jones, L. (1993) Basic Electronics. Cambridge University Press. (Low priced edn. 1996)

 3. Theraja, B. L.(1989) Basic Electronics, ed. 4. New Delhi: S. Chand & Co.

 

 

7. B 1.C1.1 Clinical/Lab. Practicum Work in Speech-Language Pathology

 

I  Goals:

     At the end of the First year, the student will be able to achieve the following goals:-

 1. Acquire knowledge of the facilities and activities of the clinical set-up

 2. Acquire knowledge and proficiency in usage of the terminologies used in Assessment and Therapy

     in the clinical set-up as  per the list provided.

 3. Familiarise with concept of  Oral Peripheral Examination .

 4. Familiarisation of the audio recording procedure for the purpose collecting atypical speech sample.

 5. Familiarisation of the following parameters of speech

       a) Voice:  Intensity (high /low); Frequency (high/low); Quality (Good/Poor) Maximum phonation duration   

           (/a, i, u/)

       b) Fluency: Rate of speech (Fast/slow);  Fluent V/s disfluent speech

       c) Intelligibility rating (clear V/s unclear enunciation, intelligible V/s unintelligible speech.

           Voice quality (pleasant, clear, harsh, hoarse, healthy, hypernasal / hypernasal)         

       d) Articulation - articulatory agility (Diadochokinetic rate SMR, AMR)

                                -  clear V/s unclear

                                -  articulatory errors

   6.  Familiarisation of the concepts -

           a)  Segmental analysis     b) Semantic analysis    c) Syntactic analysis     d) Pragmatic analysis  

   7. Familiarisation with the case history proformae of various speech language disorders (mainly DSL,

       Fluency, Articulation, Hearing Impairment)

   8.  Familiarisation of basic test procedures listed below:

        a. Developmental Schedules            b. Pre language assessment 

        c. Cognitive prerequisites                d. Articulation and language tests.

   9.  Familiarisation of the following therapy procedure

        a. General and specific language stimulation      b. Enhancing attention control c. Parental counselling

           The above will be with reference to DSL with MR, HI, Neurological disorder, DSL with no organic

            involvement.

10. Knowledge and proficiency in writing of observation reports of the above.

11. Knowledge of the application of innovative therapy materials and teaching aids with reference to

        children with DSL with various aetiologies

12. Familiarisation of the instruments available for speech diagnostics and therapy

13. Familiarisation of portrayal of one self as a professional

14. Familiarisation with M.S. Word .

 

II Activities and minimum requirements

 

  1. Observation, discussion, demonstration and orientation with reference to Goal 1.

  2. Observation, discussion, demonstration and orientation with reference to Goal 2.

  3. Demonstration followed by student conducting on 5 typical individuals.

  4. Collection of recorded speech samples of

      a) self     b) 2 atypical speaking individuals

  5. Collection of 5 audio recorded samples each in typical individuals with reference to Goals

     5 (a), (b), (c), (d).

      -  Analysis and identification of the above and one's own speech parameters.

  6. Analysis and interpretation of 4 recorded samples of typical individuals with reference to Goals

      6 a, b, c, d.

  7. Observation of case history taking and administration of the proforma with reference to 2 children and

      2 adults.

  8. Observation of diagnostic test procedures in 5 atypical speaking children/adults and to write observation

       reports.

  9.  Observation of 10 therapy sessions with reference to the procedures mentioned in Goal 9 and writing

      concise observation reports for the same.

10. Activity for goal 10 will be implemented in the execution of activities 8 and 9

11. Making innovative therapy material for cases observed - (2 cases)

12. Observation of instrumental analysis of @ audio tape recorder, b) VAGHMI c) Sound spectograph

13. Introduction of oneself as professional through role playing and modelling.    

14. Demonstration of use of M.S.Word on computer and giving group assignment

      Maintenance of a journal comprising reports of the above activities.

 

 III Break up of Internal Assessment :                                50 Marks

                        Oral Exam                                                       20

                        Min. Requirement & Journal                          15

                        Teaching Aids                                                 15

                                                                                              ------

                                                                          Total:             50

                                                                                              ------

IV Conduct of F.Y. UG Practical Examinations

 

     Examination to be conducted preferably in a structured manner using the guidelines of the

     OSPE & OSCE.

 

Procedure Station I: Transcribe the recorded sample in IPA (which should be either a list of words/

sentences, at least 5 of each or a small passage of 20-30 words.) (10 min.)                                            (20)

Procedure Station II: Label the parts of the oral cavity (5')                                                                             (10)

Procedure Station III: Calculate the rate of speech of the recorded samples of 2' each  (provide the written

format) (10')                                                                                                                                        (10)    

Procedure Station IV: Calculate the M.L.U. of written sample and do morphosyntactic analysis of the

 same sample.  (5'+10')                                                                                                           (10+10= 20)

Procedure Station V: Assess the M.P.D. and diadochokinetic rate of the individual (5'+5')         (5 + 5 = 10)

 

Viva Voce

Questions on Journal and therapy materials                                                                                            (10+10=20)

Present the most interesting  case you have observed.                                                                                     (5)

Intelligibility rating                                                                                                                                               (5)

 

8. B 1.C2.1 Clinical/Lab. Practicum Work in Audiology

 

I GOALS

Following are the list of clinical skills students should have acquired by the end of the 1st year:

 (Confirmation of acquisition of these skills will be  done by supervision, cross checking

   and checklist)

1. Familiarisation with terminologies and nomenclatures used in Audiology.

2. Description of anatomy and physiology of the ear with the help of charts, models and

    computers

3. Correlating the audiometric patterns expected in different ear related pathologies or conditions

4. Familiarisation with parts of the audiometer and their function

5. Administration and interpretation of following audiometric test measures:

             i) Tuning fork tests: Rinne, Weber, Bing

            ii) Pure tone audiometry using ascending, descending and bracketing methods

           iii) Speech audiometry: SAT, SRT, SRS        

6. Correlation of the above mentioned test measures to get holistic idea about the hearing loss

7. Case history and Report writing.

8. Listening check of audiometers

 

II  Minimum Requirements

 

At the end of the 1st year, the student must have fulfilled the following minimum requirements. These should be systematically maintained in the "Audiology Journal".

 

1) Tuning Fork (TF) Tests:  Administration of following turning fork tests and correlating the

    results  with  audiogram: Rinne, Weber and Bing tests

   Minimum Requirements:-  Normal subjects -  10,   Cases - 10  ( 5 cases in which TF tests

   administered before audiometry and 5  cases in which audiometry is done prior to  TF tests)

2A) Observation of a minimum of 10 audiograms done by a staff member or senior student

      (including case history, tuning fork tests, AC/BC testing - Report writing and  counselling if needed)

  B) Pure tone Audiometry inclusive of

          i) Case history        ii) Instructions        iii) Administration of the pure tone test

        iv) Plotting and interpretation                  v) Correlation with tuning fork test.

      Minimum Requirements:  Normal subjects: 10 (at least 2 under supervision); 

Clinical Cases: 10    (at  least 3  under supervision)

 

  C) Masking

             i) Calculation of Interaural Attenuation:    Minimum Requirement: 5 cases

            ii) Calculation of Occlusion effect: Minimum Requirement:  Normal subject - 5;  Cases - 5

           iii) When to mask for AC and BC testing:  Minimum Requirement - 10 cases

                (The student should determine the need for masking in the cases they have observed

                during their clinical posting.)

3) Speech Audiometry:   Administration of the following measures: i) SAT  ii)  SRT   iii)  SRS

        Minimum Requirements - 5 Normal subjects.

4) Thresholds under earphone Vs thresholds in sound field for pure tones, warble tones and

     speech .      Minimum Requirements - 5 normal subjects,

5) Public Information: Public awareness: i) Pamphlets & Booklets ii) 3 Charts.

 

III Break up of Internal Assessment :                                 50 Marks

 

            Internal practical/oral examination         -                        20

Completion of minimum   requirement  -                         20

 Journal                                                    -       10 

                                                                                               ------

                                                                                                 50

IV Conduct of F.Y. UG Practical Examinations

 

Total  Marks:                                                                100

 Practical examination:                                         70

 Viva voce                   :                                                  30

 

Break-up for Practical Examination

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Following is the weightage of marks allotted for different topics covered in the F.Y. B. Sc. (HLS) Clinical Practicum Program.

Sr. No.             Topics                                 Marks

 

                            1      Tuning Fork Test                                10

                            2      Audiometers                  )

                            3       Pure tone Audiometry  )                    30

                            4       Masking                                              10

                            5       Anatomy , Physiology                        10

                            6      Speech Audiometry                             10

                                                                                                -----

                 70                                                           

The Practical examination will consist of procedure stations and/or response stations.

 

Procedure station examples:

1) Anatomy & Physiology :- Labelling of parts indicated on chart/model and writing down their

    descriptions.

2) Plotting the audiogram and its interpretation based on the information  available.

3) Based on the tuning fork test results and audiogram, correlating the findings and explaining

    them (writing).

4) Calculation of IA

5) Calculation of  O.E.

6) Based on the audiogram provided, writing down if there is

        - need for masking; -If yes,  in which ear and why?

 7) SRT-PTA agreement and implications  and so on 

              

Response Station/ Combination of Procedure Response Station

 

1.  Answering questions based on procedure stations

2.  Carrying out tuning fork test and its interpretation 

3.  Carrying out ascending /descending / bracketing method at any one frequency

4.  Instructions for audiometry

5.  Based on the case history provided answering about possible causes of hearing loss and stating

     the expected audiometric patterns.

      ( One or more of such examples can be asked in each station during the practical examination)

 

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